A USPSTF 'D' recommendation indicates that the service has which of the following?

A USPSTF 'D' recommendation indicates that the service has which of the following?

• A. High certainty that the service has substantial net benefit
• B. Moderate certainty that the service has net benefit
• C. Moderate or high certainty that the service has no net benefit or that harms outweigh benefits
• D. The service is not evaluated by USPSTF

Answer: (C)

USPSTF grades preventive services to guide what should be offered. A D grade means not recommended to use the service. There is moderate to high certainty that the service has no net benefit or that harms outweigh benefits. In practice, this leads to not offering the service routinely because any potential benefit is outweighed by harms or there is no clear benefit. By comparison, A and B indicate positive net benefit, C reflects a small or uncertain benefit where the decision may depend on individual context, and I indicates insufficient evidence.

USPSTF grades preventive services to guide what should be offered. A D grade means not recommended to use the service. There is moderate to high certainty that the service has no net benefit or that harms outweigh benefits. In practice, this leads to not offering the service routinely because any potential benefit is outweighed by harms or there is no clear benefit. By comparison, A and B indicate positive net benefit, C reflects a small or uncertain benefit where the decision may depend on individual context, and I indicates insufficient evidence.