Which imaging modality is primarily used for investigation of spina bifida?

Which imaging modality is primarily used for investigation of spina bifida?

• A. Ultrasound
• B. MRI
• C. CT
• D. X-ray

Answer: (A)

Ultrasound is the first-line imaging tool for suspected spina bifida because it can safely visualize the developing spine in the fetus and in newborns, where the posterior elements are not fully ossified and soft tissues are readily seen. In fetal ultrasound, it can detect open neural tube defects and associated cranial signs, and it helps localize the level and extent of the lesion without exposing the fetus to radiation. After birth, ultrasound remains useful for initial evaluation of the spinal canal in infants, again taking advantage of their still-pliable spine and lack of extensive bone ossification. If more detail is needed for surgical planning or to assess the exact neural elements and any associated anomalies, MRI provides superior soft-tissue contrast and comprehensive evaluation. CT is less favorable due to radiation exposure and limited soft-tissue information, and X-ray offers little detail about the neural structures involved.

Ultrasound is the first-line imaging tool for suspected spina bifida because it can safely visualize the developing spine in the fetus and in newborns, where the posterior elements are not fully ossified and soft tissues are readily seen. In fetal ultrasound, it can detect open neural tube defects and associated cranial signs, and it helps localize the level and extent of the lesion without exposing the fetus to radiation. After birth, ultrasound remains useful for initial evaluation of the spinal canal in infants, again taking advantage of their still-pliable spine and lack of extensive bone ossification.

If more detail is needed for surgical planning or to assess the exact neural elements and any associated anomalies, MRI provides superior soft-tissue contrast and comprehensive evaluation. CT is less favorable due to radiation exposure and limited soft-tissue information, and X-ray offers little detail about the neural structures involved.